E1-6 – Gross Scopes 1, 2, 3 and Total GHG Emissions
Gross GHG emissions, Scopes 1,2 and 3
Gross GHG Emissions, Scopes 1,2 and 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Retrospective | Milestones and target year 2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Base year 2021 | 2023 | 2024 | % 2024/2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | Continuing operations | Discontinued operations | Total | Continuing operations | Discontinued operations | Total | Total | 2025 | 2030 | Annual % target/Base year | |||||||||||||||
Scope 1 GHG Emissions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross Scope 1 GHG total emissions (t CO2e) | – | 508,141 | 9,196 | 517,337 | 539,867 | 8,527 | 548,394 | 106.00% | – | – | |||||||||||||||
Percentage of Scope 1 GHG emissions from regulated emission trading systems (in %) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||||||||||
Scope 2 GHG Emissions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross location-based Scope 2 | – | 393,615 | 6,808 | 400,423 | 335,518 | 5,498 | 341,016 | 85.16% | – | – | |||||||||||||||
Gross market-based Scope 2 | – | 323,144 | 6,808 | 329,952 | 296,965 | 5,498 | 302,463 | 91.67% | – | – | |||||||||||||||
Significant Scope 3 GHG Emissions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total gross indirect (Scope 3) | – | 964,906 | 2,815 | 967,721 | 1,054,582 | 2,817 | 1,057,399 | 109.27% | – | – | |||||||||||||||
Purchased goods and services | – | 81,021 | - 3) | 81,021 | 170,748 | - 3) | 170,748 | 210.74% | – | – | |||||||||||||||
Capital goods | – | 72,361 | - 3) | 72,361 | 132,075 | - 3) | 132,075 | 182.52% | – | – | |||||||||||||||
Fuel and energy-related activities | – | 210,026 | 2,815 | 212,841 | 205,634 | 2,817 | 208,451 | 97.94% | – | – | |||||||||||||||
Upstream transportation and | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||||||||||
Waste generated in operations 1) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||||||||||
Business traveling 1) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||||||||||
Employee commuting 1) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||||||||||
Upstream leased assets 1) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||||||||||
Downstream transportation 1) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||||||||||
Processing of sold products 1) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||||||||||
Use of sold products | – | 13,974 | - 4) | 13,974 | 48,557 | - 4) | 48,557 | 347.48% | – | – | |||||||||||||||
End-of-life treatment of sold products 1) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||||||||||
Downstream leased assets | – | 587,523 | - 4) | 587,523 | 497,568 | - 4) | 497,568 | 84.69% | – | – | |||||||||||||||
Franchises 1) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||||||||||
Investments 1) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||||||||||
Total GHG Emissions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total GHG emissions (location-based) | – | 1,866,662 | 18,820 | 1,885,482 | 1,929,967 | 16,842 | 1,946,809 | 103.25% | – | – | |||||||||||||||
Total GHG emissions (market-based) | – | 1,796,191 | 18,820 | 1,815,011 | 1,891,414 | 16,842 | 1,908,255 | 105.14% | – | – | |||||||||||||||
- 1)Not significant.
- 2)The combined GHG reduction targets for 2030 and 2045 can be found in section E1–4.
- 3)Not reported due to quantitative insignificance.
- 4)Not applicable.
Greenhouse gases included in the calculation: CO₂ equivalents (greenhouse gases regulated in the Kyoto Protocol CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, SF₆, HFC and HFC).
Sources of emission factors: GEMIS 5.0, Defra, Federal Ministry of Environment Germany, Federal Ministry of Environment Austria, Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy, and Swedenergy (Swedish non-profit organization).
As actual measured values for the relevant reporting year are not available at the required time, we calculate the emissions on the basis of the valid energy performance certificates of the individual buildings. The energy consumption of those buildings that do not have energy performance certificates is extrapolated based on the age of the building and corresponding average values based on the rest of the portfolio.
To calculate the emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels and location-based emissions in Scopes 1, 2 and 3.3, the CO₂e factors from version 5.1 of the GEMIS database were used. GEMIS (Global Emission Model for Integrated Systems) is an internationally recognized model for determining energy and material flows with an integrated database. The model calculates life cycles for all processes and scenarios, i.e., it takes into consideration all material steps from primary energy/raw material extraction to effective energy/material provision and also includes the auxiliary energy and cost of materials to produce energy plants and transport systems.
Vonovia does not have any GHG emissions that are subject to regulated emission trading systems.
Market-based emission factors were used to determine Scope 2 emissions from district heating where these were available in qualified form. Otherwise, location-based emission factors were used. In the 2024 fiscal year, market-based emission factors accounted for 62% in relation to district heating supply. An emission factor of zero was used to determine Scope 2 emissions from electricity consumption (market-based), as the corresponding energy volumes are sourced from green electricity. In 2024, 85% of the green electricity was covered by guarantees of origin, while 15% was sourced through a power purchase agreement (PPA, for electricity from renewable wind energy).
The GHG emissions (Scope 1 and 2) indicated include all fully consolidated companies. Emissions from companies in which Vonovia holds a minority interest are to be allocated to Scope 3.15 Investments in accordance with the GHG Protocol. This category has not been classified as significant.
Scope 3 greenhouse gas emissions were mainly calculated based on emission factors from recognized databases. Primary data from suppliers or other partners in the value chain was not used.
Vonovia has defined the following Scope 3 categories as significant:
- Scope 3.1 Purchased goods and services: GHG emissions from the production and installation of building materials and materials for maintenance, energy-efficient modernization, “Optimize Apartments” measures and heating system replacement. GHG emissions are calculated using emission factors created by external experts on the basis of typical measures taken by various companies in the housing industry. The emissions were calculated by multiplying the corresponding units of the measures implemented (modernized m² of living area) by the relevant emission factors.
- Scope 3.2 Capital goods: GHG emissions from the production of building materials used for the new buildings completed in the fiscal year in question. The GHG emissions are calculated using emission factors based on the building construction type as prepared by external experts as part of a comprehensive life cycle assessment for a model building. Total emissions were calculated by multiplying the gross floor space completed by the emission factors for the corresponding construction type.
- Scope 3.3 Fuel and energy-related emissions (not Scope 1+2): GHG emissions from the upstream chain of energy sources not reported as Scope 1 or Scope 2 emissions (e.g., for the extraction and transportation of fuels or the production and transportation of electricity and district heating) – both for the wholly owned housing stock and for apartments owned by Vonovia that belong to a residential property owners’ association (WEG) (their Scope 1 and 2 emissions are reported as Scope 3.13 emissions).
- Scope 3.11 Use of sold products: GHG emissions from the operation of newly constructed residential units sold in the relevant fiscal year (provision of heat and warm water) over a lifespan of 50 years (in line with the recommendation of the Association of German Housing and Real Estate Companies (GdW)). Declining GHG intensity of district heating and electricity is assumed over the course of the property’s useful life. This matches the assumed trend for the company’s own portfolio.
- Scope 3.13 Downstream leased assets: GHG emissions generated from household electricity used by tenants in their homes for electrical appliances (excluding general electricity or electricity required for heat and warm water). The corresponding electricity consumption is estimated based on a method developed at sector level, since real data is not available to the landlord. User electricity for commercial units was extrapolated based on average values for types of use. The national emission factor for electricity is used to calculate emissions (location-based), as are GHG emissions resulting from the supply of heating and warm water to rental units that are owned by Vonovia and belong to a residential property owners’ association (WEG).
The following Scope 3 categories have been classified as insignificant:
- Scope 3.4 Upstream transportation and distribution: partly included in categories 3.1. and 3.2, emission level not material
- Scope 3.5 Waste: emission level not material
- Scope 3.6 Business travel: emission level not material
- Scope 3.7 Employee commuting: emission level not material
- Scope 3.8 Upstream leased assets: n/a
- Scope 3.9 Downstream transportation and distribution: Vonovia does not sell any products that are transported
- Scope 3.10 Processing of sold projects: Vonovia does not sell any products that are processed further
- Scope 3.12 End-of-life treatment of sold products: emission level not material
- Scope 3.14 Franchises: n/a
- Scope 3.15 Investment: emission level not material
Vonovia does not currently have or finance any projects of its own aimed at decomposing or storing greenhouse gases, nor does it contribute to such projects in the upstream or downstream value chain. We are currently assessing which appropriate measures will be implemented in the future to achieve net-zero emissions.
Vonovia does not use any in-house CO2 pricing system. External statutory CO2 prices are included in the internal financial feasibility calculations.
GHG Intensity per net revenue
GHG Intensity per Net Revenue | ||||||||||||||
2023 | 2024 | % 2024/2023 | ||||||||||||
Continuing operations | Discontinued operations | Total | Continuing operations | Discontinued operations | Total | Total | ||||||||
Total GHG emissions | 306 | 70 | 296 | 273 | 44 | 261 | 88.0% | |||||||
Total GHG emissions | 295 | 70 | 285 | 267 | 44 | 256 | 89.6% | |||||||
Net Revenue for the Calculation of Greenhouse Gas Intensity
Net Revenue for the Calculation of Greenhouse Gas Intensity (€ million) | |||||||||||||
2023 | 2024 | ||||||||||||
Continuing operations | Discontinued operations | Total | Continuing operations | Discontinued operations | Total | ||||||||
Net revenue used to | 6,096 | 267 | 6,363 | 7,080 | 384 | 7,464 | |||||||
Net revenue (other) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||
Total net revenue | 6,096 | 267 | 6,363 | 7,080 | 384 | 7,464 | |||||||